Pulmonology is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases affecting the respiratory system, including the lungs and airways. Pulmonologists manage conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer. They employ various diagnostic tools like pulmonary function tests, imaging studies, and bronchoscopy to assess lung health and provide treatments ranging from medications to advanced therapies.